The ontologies of cyber-physical systems of the national digital twin of Great Britain and BIM on the examples of smart cities, railways, and other projects
Abstract
The topic of digital twins is attracting a lot of attention from industry and transport as well as from academia today. The digital twin, being a virtual representation of a physical asset, allows describing the behavior of an asset during its life cycle based on two-way automatic communication. By linking real (physical) representation and cyberspace, this technology provides several benefits, including cost and time reduction during the design phase, timely product maintenance throughout the life cycle, predicting failures, and the ability to manage knowledge to optimize organizational workflows at the manufacturing and enterprise level. Now they are often understood in a weaker sense, as digital approximations for things for which they are twins. Full-fledged digital twins are not just representations of factory prototypes of things. They strive to be efficient simulations of real instances of these things in their real conditions, reflecting the full evolution of their life cycle, that is, to work in near real- time modes. Thus, we can talk about a whole spectrum of solutions within the framework of the concepts of digital twins, from the “lightest” to the “most difficult” ones. The latter may already have the dimension of a city or country. It is about national digital twins that we are talking about in this article.
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